Start with your body.

Hip osteoarthritis involves changes in the whole joint, including cartilage and bone. It can make walking, dressing, and getting out of a chair less comfortable, but the diagnosis does not define everything your hip can do.

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a name for pain around the outside of the hip. Gluteal tendons and other local tissues may be involved; the older label “bursitis” does not describe every case.

Patellofemoral pain is discomfort around or behind the kneecap. Stairs, squatting, running, or sitting with the knees bent may make it noticeable.

Knee osteoarthritis involves changes across the joint, including cartilage and bone. Pain, stiffness, and limitations can affect walking, stairs, and standing from a chair.

The menisci are two pieces of cartilage that help distribute load within the knee. A tear can occur during an injury or develop gradually with age-related changes.

Achilles tendinopathy describes persistent pain and reduced function in the tendon that joins the calf to the heel. Symptoms can involve the middle of the tendon or its attachment at the heel.

Plantar heel pain is discomfort under the heel. Plantar fasciitis is a common cause, involving the band of tissue that helps support the arch, but it is not the only explanation for a painful heel.

An ankle sprain is an injury to the ligaments that support the joint. Many involve the outside of the ankle after the foot rolls inward, but the location and severity vary.

Shin splints is a common name for activity-related pain along the inner border of the shin. Clinicians often use the term medial tibial stress syndrome for this pattern.

Understand pain below the kneecap and the role of a tailored loading plan.

Understand back-of-thigh muscle injuries and a measured return to activity.

Recognize calf muscle injuries and when lower-leg symptoms need a different assessment.

Understand symptomatic hip impingement and why imaging needs clinical context.

Understand hip labral findings alongside symptoms, function, and examination.

Understand kneecap slipping and the assessment that guides a confident return to activity.

Explore a possible nerve-related cause of sole-of-foot symptoms without guessing the diagnosis.

Understand inner-ankle tendon symptoms and changing arch function.